Chuyên đề tự học tại nhà môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 10 - Unit 10

 CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC TẠI NHÀ
CHUYÊN ĐỀ I : UNIT 10
READING COMPREHENSION :
I/ Most people are afraid of sharks , but they usually do not much about them . For example , 
there are about 350 species of sharks that live in oceans over the world . All of the sharks are 
carnivores , buy most of them do not attack people . Some sharks are very small – the smallest 
shark is about 6 inches long – about as long as your hand . But some sharks are very large . The 
largest species of sharks may be 60 feet long and weigh 15 tons . Unlike many other kinds of 
fish , sharks do not have bone . Their bodies are made up of a kind tough white flexible material 
( called carilage ). Sharks do not have ears . However , they ‘hear’ sounds and movements in the 
water . Any sound or movement makes the water vibrates . Sharks can feel these vibrations , and 
“ they” help the sharks find food . Sharks use their large eyes to find food , too . Most sharks 
see best in low light . They often hunt for food at dawn , in the evening , or in the middle of the 
night . 
 Nowadays scientists want to learn more about sharks for several reasons . For example , 
cancer is common in many animals , including people . However , it is rare in sharks . Scientists 
want to find out why sharks almost never get cancer . Maybe this information can help people 
prevent cancer too.
1. According to the passage, sharks . 
a. are big mammals b. usually live in warm water 
c. are meat eaters d. always attack humans . 
2. How long is a smallest shark ? 
a. about 6 centimeters b. as long as a hand 
c.. as one’s long hand d. about 1,5 meters
3. The word “ they” in line 11 refers to .. 
a. sharks b. sounds c. vibrations d. movements 
4. Sharks can hunt for food at night because  
a. they hear more clearly at night b. their eyes are large 
c. they feel vibrations in the water d. they see well in the dark .
5. Which of the following is not true ? 
a. Large sharks can weigh up to 15,000 kg b. Sharks’ bodies are made up of cartilage 
c. Sharks can find their food by feeling vibrations d. Sharks often attack people .
6. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .. 
a. sharks are being studied b. the cancer risk among animals is found to be higher 
c. scientists are given permission to catch sharks for their studies 
d. information about sharks help people cure cancer.
II/ We are slowly destroying the earth . The seas and rivers are too dirty to swim in . There is so 
much smoke in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities . In one well-
known city, for example, poisonous gases from cars pollute the air so much that traffic 
policemen have to wear oxygen masks . 
 We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of wasteland all over the 
world . As a result, farmers in patrs of Africa can not grow enough to eat . In certain centuries in 
Asia there is too little rice . Moreover , we do not take enough care of the coutryside . Wild 
animals are quickly disappearing . For instant, tigers are rare in India now because we have 
killed too many for them to survive . However, it is not enough simply to talk about the problem * Quy tắc:
a. Xác định S, V, O và thì của V trong câu chủ động.
b. Lấy O trong câu chủ động làm S của câu bị động.
c. Lấy S trong câu chủ động làm O và đặt sau By trong câu bị động.
d. Biến đổi V chính trong câu chủ động thành V3/ed (Past Participle) trong câu bị động.
e. Thêm To be vào trước V3/ed trong câu bị động (To be phải chia theo thời của V chính trong câu
chủ động và chia theo số của S trong câu bị động).
Bảng công thức các thì ở thể bị động:
 Tense Active Passive
Hiện tại đơn S + V + O S + be +V3/ed + by + O
Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S+ am/is/are + being+ V3/ed + by + O
Hiện tại hoàn thành S + has/have + V3/ed + O S + has/have + been + V3/ed + by + O
Quá khứ đơn S + V2/ed + O S + was/were + V3/ed + by + O
Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing + O S+ was/were + being+ V3/ed + by + O
Quá khứ hoàn thành S+ had + V3/ed +O S + had + been + V3/ed + by + O
Tương lai đơn S + will/shall + V + O S + will + be + V3/ed + by + O
Tương lai hoàn thành S + will/shall + have + V3/ed + O S + will + have + been + V3/ed + by + O
Be + going to S + am/is/are + going to + V + O S + am/is/are + going to + be + V3/ed + by + O
 S + model verb + V + O S + model verb + be + V3/ed + by + O
Model Verbs
 S + modal Verb + have + V3/ed S + modal Verb + have been + V3/ed + O
* Model Verbs (Động từ khiếm khuyết): can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, 
.
* Cụm chỉ thời gian đứng sau ‘By’
 Cụm chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước ‘By’
 e.g: I am cleaning the floor now.
 The floor is being cleaned now. 
Bài tập câu bị động trong tiếng Anh:
I. Change the following sentences from active into passive form.
(Đổi các câu dưới đây từ thể chủ động sang thể bị động) 
1 – Somebody has taken my briefcase.
2 – The teacher returned our written work to us. A Those lazy clerks have been fired by the directors. B Those lazy clerks has been fired. 
C Those lazy clerks had been fired. D Those lazy clerks were fired .
9. They didn’t explain anything about that.
A. Nothing was explained about that. B. That wasn’t explained anything by them .
C. Anything wasn’t explained about that . D. Something wasn’t explained about that . 
10.They showed his photograph on television.
A. On television they have his photograph shown. B. His photograph was shown on television.
C. His photograph is being shown on television. D. The television was shown his 
photograph.
 11. Bicycles _______ in the driveway.
 a. must not leave b. must not be leaving c. must not be left d. must not have left
 12. Beethoven's Fifth Symphony _______ next weekend.
 a. is going to be performed b. has been performed
 c. will be performing d. will have performed
 13. All bottles _______ before transportation. 
 a. frozen b. were froze c. were frozen d. are froze
 14. _______ yet?
 a. Have the letters been typed b. Have been the letters typed
 c. Have the letters typed d. Had the letters typed
 15. The telephone _______ by Alexander Graham Bell.
 a. is invented b. is inventing c. invented d. was invented
 16. Lots of houses _______ by the earthquake.
 a. are destroying b. destroyed c. were destroying d. were destroyed
 17. _______ by your father?
 a. Did that book write b. Did that book written 
 c. Was that book written d. Was that book be writing
 18. This car _______.
 a. was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year
 b. was manufactured by Toyota last year in Japan
 c. was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota
 d. last year was manufactured by Toyota in Japan
 19. Japanese _______ at the meeting. 
 a. will speak b. will spoken c. will be spoken d. will be speaking
 20. The trees _______.
 a. were grown by John yesterday in the backyard
 b. were grown in the backyard by John yesterday
 c. were grown in the backyard yesterday by John
 d. in the backyard were grown yesterday by John